A server rack is a structure consisting of vertical columns and horizontal shelves that form a frame. This framework as special support for different kinds of computerized systems with special requirements.

More specifically, the most commonly used 19-inch server racks are standardized structures that provide an organized array of all the parts needed for the functioning of the equipment. A 19-inch rack owes its name to the measure of the rack’s width, which is defined so that the modules can fit perfectly, making it easier to mount and arrange them. All dimensions of a 19-inch server rack are normalized so that they are compatible with any equipment, regardless of the maker.

There are several types of server racks, depending on the presence or absence of doors, rails, front and back doors, and side panels, among other features.

Open frame racks have two or four rails for installing equipment. They have no doors or side structure. They are also known as four-post racks and their use is very popular for data centers, thanks to their configuration which allows a better arrangement of cabling and power sources.

A two-post rack only has two vertical columns made of metal, usually aluminum, which can be attached to the floor or to the roof. This kind of rack is mostly used in places where earthquake protection is needed.

Server cabinets, on the other side, include keys, rails, doors and protective panels on the side. Sometimes these protective panels are isolated with foam layers for specific uses.

Also, there are racks with wheels, for those cases where mobility is needed. Some racks that can be mounted in walls, a good solution for locations with limited space.

Server racks are provided with edges on each one of the sides so that it is possible to fasten the module with the use of screws for a safe installation. This is very important because the equipment installed on racks is often expensive and its safety must be handled with care.

As a standardized structure, the height of a server rack is measured in units identified with the letter “U” which is equivalent to 1.75 inches (44.45 mm). Accordingly, there are frames that range from 4U up to 42U, depending on the required size. This represents an advantage regarding adaptability since requirements can be very different from one case to another.

The depth of a server rack is also an important measure. Though it is not a standardized measure, it usually ranges from 600 to 1200 mm for the deepest hardware pieces. It is necessary to have in mind that this number needs to be greater than the equipment’s depth in order to leave enough space for cabling and connections. In addition, when calculating the space and choosing the right server rack, it is important to include the necessary space between the hardware and the cabinet walls, if any, for good ventilation. This is necessary for the good functioning of the equipment, which can overheat easily.